leetcode102：二叉树的层序遍历

题目链接

leetcode

题目描述

给你二叉树的根节点 root ，返回其节点值的 层序遍历 。
即逐层地，从左到右访问所有节点。

C++ 代码

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

// 二叉树结点的定义
struct TreeNode {
    int val;
    TreeNode *left;
    TreeNode *right;
    TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
    TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
    TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
};

const int NULL_NODE = -1001;

// 辅助函数：创建二叉树
TreeNode* createTree(const vector<int>& nums) {
    if (nums.empty()) return nullptr;

    TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[0]);
    queue<TreeNode*> queue;
    queue.push(root);
    int i = 1;

    while (!queue.empty() && i < nums.size()) {
        TreeNode* node = queue.front(); queue.pop();
        
        if (nums[i] != NULL_NODE) {
            node->left = new TreeNode(nums[i]);
            queue.push(node->left);
        }
        i++;
        if (i < nums.size() && nums[i] != NULL_NODE) {
            node->right = new TreeNode(nums[i]);
            queue.push(node->right);
        }
        i++;
    }

    return root;
}

// 辅助函数：层序遍历打印二叉树
void levelOrderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
    if (root == nullptr) return;

    queue<TreeNode*> queue;
    queue.push(root);
    while (!queue.empty()) {
        TreeNode* node = queue.front(); queue.pop();
        cout << node->val << " ";
        if (node->left != nullptr) queue.push(node->left);
        if (node->right != nullptr) queue.push(node->right);
    }
    cout << endl;
}

// 辅助函数：释放二叉树
void deleteTree(TreeNode* root) {
    if (root == nullptr) return;
    deleteTree(root->left);
    deleteTree(root->right);
    delete root;
}

/*
    层次遍历

    时间复杂度：O(n)
        其中 n 为二叉树结点的个数，每个点进队出队各一次。
    空间复杂度：O(n)
        队列中元素的个数不超过 n 个。
*/
class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
        if (root == nullptr) {
            return {};
        }

        vector<vector<int>> res;
        queue<TreeNode*> q;
        q.push(root);

        // 从上向下一层层遍历
        while (!q.empty()) {
            int size = q.size(); // 每一层的结点个数
            vector<int> level;   // 每一层的结点值

            // 每一层从左向右遍历
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode* node = q.front(); q.pop();
                level.push_back(node->val);
                if (node->left != nullptr) {
                    q.push(node->left);
                }
                if (node->right != nullptr) {
                    q.push(node->right);
                }
            }
            res.push_back(level);
        }
        
        return res;
    }
};

// 辅助函数：打印数组
void printArray(const vector<int>& nums) {
    cout << "[";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
        cout << nums[i];
        if (i != nums.size() - 1) cout << ",";
    }
    cout << "]" << endl;
}

// 辅助函数：打印二维数组
void printArray(const vector<vector<int>>& nums) {
    cout << "[";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
        cout << "[";
        for (size_t j = 0; j < nums[i].size(); j++) {
            cout << nums[i][j];
            if (j != nums[i].size() - 1) cout << ",";
        }
        cout << "]";
        if (i != nums.size() - 1) cout << ",";
    }
    cout << "]" << endl;
}

int main() {
    Solution solution;
    vector<vector<int>> root_cases = {
        {3,9,20,NULL_NODE,NULL_NODE,15,7},
        {1},
        {}
    };

    for (const auto& nums : root_cases) {
        cout << "Input: ";
        printArray(nums);

        // 创建二叉树
        TreeNode* root = createTree(nums);
        // 中序遍历
        vector<vector<int>> result = solution.levelOrder(root);
        cout << "Output: ";
        printArray(result);

        // 释放内存
        deleteTree(root);
    }

    return 0;
}